Kidney disease, also known as renal disease, refers to a broad range of conditions that affect the function of the kidneys. The kidneys play an important role in filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood, regulating blood pressure, and producing hormones that help to control red blood cell production and bone health. There are many different types of kidney disease, with different causes, symptoms, and treatments. Some common types of kidney disease include: Chronic kidney disease (CKD): This is a long-term condition in which the kidneys gradually lose function over time. CKD can be caused by a variety of factors, including high blood pressure, diabetes, and certain genetic disorders. Acute kidney injury (AKI): This is a sudden loss of kidney function that can be caused by a number of factors, including dehydration, blood loss, and certain medications. Glomerulonephritis: This is a type of kidney disease that occurs when the tiny filters in the kidneys (called glomeruli) become inflamed and damaged. Glomerulonephritis can be caused by infections, autoimmune disorders, and other factors. Polycystic kidney disease: This is a genetic disorder in which fluid-filled cysts form in the kidneys, eventually leading to kidney failure. Symptoms of kidney disease can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. Some common symptoms include: Fatigue and weakness Swelling of the legs, ankles, or feet Changes in urination, such as increased or decreased urination, or blood in the urine High blood pressure Nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite Treatment for kidney disease depends on the type and severity of the condition. In some cases, medications and lifestyle changes may be enough to slow the progression of the disease and manage symptoms. In more severe cases, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be necessary to replace the function of the kidneys. It is important to talk to a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
