The distal nephron is the portion of the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney, that is responsible for the final stages of electrolyte and fluid regulation. The distal nephron consists of the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting ducts.
The distal convoluted tubule is responsible for the regulation of the electrolyte balance in the body by reabsorbing ions such as sodium, potassium, and chloride, and secreting hydrogen ions. The distal convoluted tubule also plays a role in the regulation of acid-base balance and in the control of blood pressure.
The collecting ducts are responsible for the reabsorption of water from the filtrate and for the regulation of the concentration of urine. The concentration of urine is regulated by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone, which stimulate the reabsorption of water and ions from the filtrate into the renal interstitial fluid.
The distal nephron also plays a role in the regulation of blood volume and pressure. By reabsorbing water and ions from the filtrate, the distal nephron helps to maintain the fluid and electrolyte balance in the body, and thus helps to regulate blood pressure.
Disorders or diseases of the distal nephron can lead to a variety of conditions, including hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and renal tubular acidosis. These disorders may be caused by genetic mutations, autoimmune diseases, or other factors, and can result in alterations in the normal reabsorption and secretion of ions, leading to imbalances in the blood and other health problems.
