Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells, leading to the formation of pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads. Acne can appear on the face, neck, chest, back, and shoulders and can range from mild to severe.
The exact cause of acne is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to the overproduction of sebum (an oily substance) by the sebaceous glands in the skin, as well as the presence of bacteria on the skin. Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during puberty, can also contribute to the development of acne.
The symptoms of acne can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Mild acne typically presents as whiteheads, blackheads, or small pimples that are not inflamed. Moderate acne is characterized by larger, more inflamed pimples or nodules. Severe acne can cause deep, painful cysts or nodules that can lead to scarring.
Treatment for acne typically includes topical or oral medications that can help to reduce inflammation, control bacterial growth, and decrease the production of sebum. Over-the-counter products containing benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid may be effective for mild acne, while prescription medications, such as topical retinoids, antibiotics, or oral contraceptives, may be necessary for more severe cases. In addition, some lifestyle changes, such as avoiding tight-fitting clothing or using gentle skin care products, may also be helpful in managing acne.
